Trends in career guidance in the 21st century. Systems and social learning

Abstract

Abstract

Modern society, labour markets and career frameworks are fluid. Most of our career choices are not life-long decisions. Perhaps the very notion of career is ripe for discarding, some modern authors suggest.  Theories of career choice and career planning that have been constructed for the classical world of wage labour are now outdated, so we need to reinterpret modern notions of career building and career development This theoretical article outlines the factors that surround career development in the 21st century. It then looks at four theoretical models that can support us to rethink the conceptual framework of modern career guidance system and service design.

Keywords: 21st century, careers, natural sciences, modern career guidance theoretical frameworks.