An interdisciplinary, integrated model of functional dysphagia from psychiatric–speech therapy and otorhinolaryngological perspectives.

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Background and aims: Psychogenic (functional) dysphagia in adults is often underdiagnosed, and persistent symptoms after exclusion of organic causes require complex, interdisciplinary management. In Hungary, integration of otolaryngology, psychiatry, and speech-language therapy remains limited. This study aims to develop and present a structured clinical protocol that organizes diagnostic and therapeutic steps into a unified framework. The model is based on clinical experience and limited literature.

Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted on functional dysphagia, swallowing therapy, and sensory stimulation. Findings were combined with clinical observations to synthesize a stepwise interdisciplinary protocol integrating diagnostic, psychotherapeutic, and speech-language therapy components, including exploratory interventions.

Results: A multi-component protocol was developed, including exclusion of organic pathology (e.g., FEES), psychotherapeutic support, and graded swallowing therapy. An innovative element is the integration of menthol- and capsaicin-based sensory stimulation to facilitate the swallowing reflex.

Conclusions: Management requires interdisciplinary collaboration. The proposed protocol provides a structured framework and supports future clinical validation and quantitative evaluation.

Keyword: dysphagia, interdisciplinary, psychogenic, speech therapy