Statelessness, Migration, and Education: A Comparative Analysis of Policy Frameworks and Support Strategies in Thailand and Hungary

Abstract

Inclusion in education is a critical educational phenomenon, as successfully involving children from diverse backgrounds requires looking beyond numbers and socio-economic status. The role of teachers and education specialists is to understand students’ origins and the challenges they face. This becomes particularly complex when children have a vulnerable status due to their ethnicity or legal standing. Stateless and migrant children are especially at risk of being denied proper educational opportunities, despite the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (United Nations, 1989) requiring equal opportunities for all children globally. This study examines two groups of children in different regions of Europe and Asia: stateless children in Northern Thailand and migrant children from Ukraine in Hungary. By analysing existing scientific data and literature, we provide a comparative assessment of their educational situations and offer recommendations to improve their inclusion in educational systems.