Osztrák–magyar nehéz hadihajók partok elleni támadásai az első világháborúban

Absztrakt

This paper examines Austro-Hungarian navy shore bombardment missions using its largest armored units during World War I. While the Adriatic was a secondary theater of war, naval operations were mainly focused on submarines and light units. Both Austria-Hungary and Italy pursued cautious strategies, keeping their large armored vessels largely confined to naval bases. When deployed, these ships primarily targeted enemy shores. Before Italy entered the war, the only target was Montenegro. From August 1914, Austro-Hungarian units at Cattaro bombarded Montenegrin positions and later French batteries on Mount Lovćen. After Italy declared war on 24 May 1915, Admiral Anton Haus led the fleet against Italian shores, shelling Ancona, Rimini, Senigallia, and the Potenza River mouth, with no losses. Following the Central Powers’ victory over Serbia, Austria-Hungary invaded Montenegro in January 1916, supported by heavy naval guns. On 3 February, Sankt Georg shelled the Italian port of Ortona. The final bombardment missions occurred after Caporetto, with Austro-Hungarian units shelling Italian batteries at Cortellazzo on 16 November and 19 December 1917.