Pozitív polaritású elemek a magyarban. A vagy és a többiek

3. rész

Szerzők

  • Balázs Surányi HUN-REN Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont; Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem, Angol-Amerikai Intézet, Elméleti Nyelvészet Tanszék
  • Máté Gulás HUN-REN Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18349/MagyarNyelv.2025.2.151

Kulcsszavak:

diszjunkció, pozitív polaritás, tagadás, logikai hatókör, magyar nyelv

Absztrakt

Tanulmányunk fókuszában a magyar nyelv diszjunkciót kifejező funkciószava, a vagy polaritás érzékenységének empirikus vizsgálata áll. A diszjunkciót kódoló elemek feltételezett pozitív polaritás érzékenységéről a korábbi kísérletes szakirodalom eredményei némileg ellentmondásos képet festenek mind a magyarban, mind számos más nyelvben. Elfogadhatósági kísérletünkben kimutatjuk, hogy míg a vagy-gyal azonos alosztályba sorolható két „klasszikus” pozitív polaritású elemtípus - az egy határozatlan névelővel bevezetett főnévi szintagmák és a határozatlan vala-névmások - valóban többé-kevésbé elfogadhatatlanok velük azonos tagmondatban álló mondattagadás logikai hatókörében, addig a vagy ugyanebben a környezetben inkább csak mérsékelten csökkent elfogadhatóságú. Ez az eredmény a pozitív polaritás érzékenység jelentős heterogenitására utal, mely mögött akár az egyes elemek polaritás érzékenységének kiváltó okai közötti lényegi eltérések is húzódhatnak.

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Megjelent

2025-07-17

Folyóirat szám

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Tanulmányok