Private Enforcement of Anti-trust Damages in Europe
A Germanic Perspective on Directive 2014/104/EU
Abstract
If an undertaking infringes European or national competition law, the infringers must expect to face a large range of possible sanctions, of both a public law and a private law nature. Regard- ing the latter, we take note in this paper of anti-trust actions for damages by private claimants; these have become ever more significant in the anti-trust debate. Against a background of di- vergent developments in the European Member States, the European legislator has adopted Directive 2014/104/EU,1 with the aim of facilitating the full compensation of damage suffered by those affected by violations of European or national competition law, and to coordinate pub- lic and private enforcement measures. The Member States must implement this Directive into their national systems. This paper gives an overview of the Directive, analyses its most impor- tant provisions and then discusses the international issues raised in cases concerning cross- border anti-competitive activities.