A „global dimming” és a légiközlekedés felhőképzésének hatása a magyarországi napfényre

Abstract

Effects of the global dimming and air traffic contrails in the Hungarian sunlight.

Global dimming phenomenon reduces the content and energy of the sunlight touch the ground; it has an effect in the environmental systems. The rise of aerosol content natural and anthropogenic origin and more clouds after that are the common possible cause of this phenomenon. Global examinations showed 4-6% reduction per three decades in global radiation values since the 1950s. From the 1990s a global brightening phenomenon appeared global radiation values have approximately 1,2 % rise per decade. Our examination in Hungary showed 3,6% reduction per three decades in global radiation between 1960-1990. The rise also appears in values from the 1990s, it is 1,3% per decade, it seems around 2030s increase of global irradiation reach the calculated tendency based on the data before 1950s. One of the possible causes of the global dimming from natural origin can be volcanic activity. Formed sulfate aerosols from dust veil are responsible for the reduced sunlight for many years, ash and particles has short and local effect. Some volcanic eruptions in succession especially in tropical places during a short period could cause reduction in sunlight for decades by the ability of better spread of sulfate aerosols in the higher atmosphere. Between 1950-1990 there were five significant volcanic eruption. During the 2000s examinations showed, that reduction in dust, pollution and other aerosol particles in the atmosphere turned the global dimming to brightening, responsible for speed up of global warming process. Some examinations noticed dimming especially in urban territories. Processes of anthropogenic origin add to the global dimming by sulfate aerosol, carbonate, soot, etc. emissions, also by aircraft contrails. We examined the production of two Hungarian solar power plant during one year in comparison with the production between unclouded and contrail covered days. We found 47 days with contrails and 34 reference days close to them. We found 11,26±8,44% reduction at the momentary production values, 6,21±4,25% in the daily total production. Based on our examination approximately 1-1,3% reduction occurs in the annual solar energy production due to contrails.