TANYA-VILLAGES & CO. TYPES OF NEWLY (1900-2011) SEPARATED SETTLEMENTS IN HUNGARY

Abstract

During the 20th century almost 250 villages became administratively independent in
Hungary with separation from an outskirt or other inner area of another settlement. We do
not deal with the similar settlements, which became independent by unification or
disintegration. The newly separated settlements are rather different in several aspects.
Their largest concentration is in the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld), two-thirds of them are
in this region including the largest group: the tanya-villages. Beside the Alföld there are a
lot newly independent settlements in Pest, Fejér and Somogy counties, on the other hand
their number is low in Vas, Zala, Tolna, Baranya and Nógrád. The largest type of the newly
separated settlements are the tanya-villages in the Alföld, while the manors and wine-hills
in the Transdanubian part. There are suburban settlements around Budapest, industrial
and mining colonies in the hilly area and touristic resorts in the main touristic regions. The
creation of new settlements was continuous during the 20th century, but there were two
outstanding periods, the 1950’s and the decades after 1990. We made clusters of the newly
separated settlements by regional aspects, origin (al type), date of independence,
population change trends and outskirt population. We also placed the newly separated
settlements into the complex types of Hungarian villages by Beluszky et al