Vajon a jogszociológia a szociológiai módszertan egyik szemléletes példája? – Émile Durkheim és a jogszociológia

Abstract

This study investigates the origin and development of legal sociology, centering on Émile Durkheim's work. Starting from Durkheim's anti-individualistic approach, it analyzes law as a social fact with autonomous existence and external coercive power over the individual. It elaborates on the concepts of collective consciousness and social solidarity (mechanical and organic), and how law reflects society's moral attitudes. The author discusses the principles of quantitative and qualitative change in law, explaining the severity and form of punishments in relation to social development and political centralization. Finally, it addresses types of religious and secular crimes, as well as the distinctions between repressive and restitutive law, as measures of social cohesion.