Marxism after Polanyi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64718/ciklus/2026-02-07Keywords:
Karl Polányi, marketization, double movement, MarxismAbstract
The study interprets Marxism not as a closed system of ideas, but as a living tradition that evolves alongside changes in capitalism. Building on Karl Polányi’s theory, it distinguishes three waves of marketization, centered successively on the commodification of labor, money, and nature. These waves have given rise to various counter-movements and different forms of Marxism: classical Marxism, Soviet, Western, and Third World Marxism, and finally, sociological Marxism. The latter focuses on the collective self-organization of civil society, real utopias, and grassroots initiatives against the global destructive effects of the market, rather than on the state and the economy. According to the study, an adequate form of social self-defense against the ecological crisis and the commodification of knowledge is a form of global Marxism that subordinates the market and the state to the democratic self-regulation of society.
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